A Year as a Government Agent

mnsss157 Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection, 1912-1950 Finding Aid Finding aid prepared by mnsss. Encoding funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College

Northampton, MA

2003

Finding aid encoded using Perl scripts and edited in XMetal 2.0. Encoded by Laura Cutter. 2003-06-13 Finding aid written in English. 2005-09-23 mnsss157 converted from EAD 1.0 to 2002 by v1to02-5c.xsl (sy2003-10-15). Sophia Smith CollectionSmith College Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection, 1912-1950 Finding Aid MS 141 Revised 2002 Encoding funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Collection Overview Schwimmer, Rosika, 1877-1948 Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection1912-1950 MS 141 4 boxes, 1 poster (1.25 linear ft.) Sophia Smith Collection

Smith College Northampton, MA

Suffragist; feminist; pacifist; organizer, Ford Peace Expedition; and diplomat. The collection documents primarily the peace activism of Rosika Schwimmer, but also include some material on co-activist and friend, Lola Maverick Lloyd. Biographical materials are included for a number of friends and associates including Lola Maverick Lloyd, Jane Addams, Carrie Chapman Catt, Henry Ford, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Harvey O'Connor, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Franciska Schwimmer. Other materials include clippings, correspondence, writings, personal memorabilia, subject files, and photographs. English. Biographical Note

Rosika Schwimmer (1877-1948) was born in Budapest, Hungary, the oldest child of Max B. Schwimmer, a grocer and horse dealer, and Bertha Katscher Schwimmer, member of a distinguished Jewish literary family. She married in 1911 but divorced two years later. An accomplished linguist, fluent in more than half a dozen languages, Schwimmer initially devoted herself to the cause of woman suffrage. She attended the 1904 Berlin meeting of the International Council of Women at which the International Women's Suffrage Alliance was founded. She settled in London in 1911 as press secretary of the Alliance. With the outbreak of World War I, Schwimmer focused her efforts on peace. In 1914 she traveled to the U.S. to speak with President Wilson and Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan on behalf of the Alliance's endorsement of neutral mediation of the war. Her flamboyant personality and ardent peace advocacy provided the spark that kindled sentiment for the Woman's Peace Party. She was also influential in organizing the 1915 Congress of Women at The Hague and establishing the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace (later Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF)). The Ford Peace Ship, the ocean liner sponsored by Henry Ford that sailed to Europe in 1915-16 carrying an unofficial mediation commission, brought its passengers, including Schwimmer, a notoriety that led to her resignation from WILPF in 1918. Upon her return to Hungary, Schwimmer was appointed ambassador to Switzerland. In 1921 she returned to the U.S. where her attempts to resume her career and gain citizenship were thwarted by accusations that she was a spy. Her final citizenship application was denied in 1924 when she refused to affirm her willingness to bear arms in defense of the United States. She remained in the U.S. as an alien for the rest of her life, supported by her old friend and co-worker for peace, Lola Maverick Lloyd.

Lola Maverick Lloyd (1875-1944) graduated from Smith College in 1897. A pioneer suffragist and pacifist, in 1915 she co-founded with Jane Addams the Women's Peace Party, and later the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. She was also a delegate to the Congress of Women at the Hague in 1915 and sailed on Henry Ford's Peace Ship. Lloyd and Schwimmer co-chaired the Campaign for World Government.

Scope and Contents of the Collection

This collection consists of duplicates from the Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection at the New York Public Library. The material contained here documents primarily the peace activism of Rosika Schwimmer. It includes biographical articles, clippings, correspondence, writings, personal memorabilia, subject files, and photographs. It also includes biographical materials on numerous friends and associates including Lola Maverick Lloyd, Jane Addams, Carrie Chapman Catt, Henry Ford, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Harvey O'Connor, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Franciska Schwimmer.

Organization of the Collection

This collection is organized into five series:

I. Biographical Materials (Rosika Schwimmer) II. Friends and Associates III. Subject Files IV. Peace V. Oversize Materials Books on Shelf Information on Use Terms of Access and Use

The collection is open to research according to the regulations of the Sophia Smith Collection.

Permission to cite the collection for quotations or for publication beyond "fair use" must be obtained from the New York Public Library. Researchers may not use for purpose of publication until Edith Wynner's biography is finished.

Preferred Citation

Please use the following format when citing materials from this collection:

Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, MA

History of the Collection

The collection was donated to the Sophia Smith Collection by Rosika Schwimmer. These are duplicates from the Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection, an archive on women's rights, suffrage, peace movements, and world government at the New York Public Library in New York City.

Finding aid revised in 2002 by Gayla Spaulding, intern.

Search Terms Lloyd, Lola Maverick, 1875-1944 Schwimmer, Rosika, 1877-1948 Campaign for World Government Henry Ford Peace Expedition (1915-1916) Feminists--History--Sources International cooperation--History--Sources International cooperation--History--Sources Pacifists--United States--History--Sources Peace movements--History--20th century--Sources Women--International cooperation--History--Sources World War, 1914-1918--Protest movements--Sources Women and peace--History--20th century--Sources Additional Information 1 1 Contents: finding aid SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS (Rosika Schwimmer) Correspondence 1 2 About Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection at the New York Public Library Annex, 1974-79, n.d. 1 3 Rosika Schwimmer, 1934-38 1 4 Biographical articles, 1915-59 1 5 Writings, 1938-48 1 6-9 Newspaper clippings, 1912-48 1 10 Articles by F. Marvin, 1924 1 11 Book reviews, 1928-29 1 12 Memorabilia, 1914-39 1 13 Obituaries, 1948 1 14 Mission carrying Wilson's message to Hungary (A Year as a Government Agent, by Vira B. Whitehouse), 1920 1 15 Nobel Peace Prize candidate,1948 1 16 Photographs of Rosika Schwimmer at home, 1946, n.d. SERIES II. FRIENDS AND ASSOCIATES 2 1 Addams, Jane, 1935 2 2 Anthony, Susan B. (II), 1936 2 3 Balch, Emily Greene, 1915 2 4 Bayen, Malaku Emmanuel, 1937 2 5 Beard, Mary, 1936 2 6 Blake, Katherine, 1938 2 7 Bullitt, William, 1940 2 8 Catt, Carrie Chapman, 1939-47 2 9 Caesar, Irving, 1939, n.d. 2 10 Davis, Elmer, 1942 2 11 Detzer, Dorothy, 1939 2 12 Einstein, Albert, 1933 2 13 Ford, Henry, 1937-42 2 14 Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 1935-36 2 15 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 1941 2 16 Holtby, Winifred, 1935 2 17 Lloyd, Lola Maverick, 1931-41 2 18 Lloyd, William B., Jr., 1940 2 19 Maverick, Maury (cousin of Lola Maverick Lloyd), 1935-39 2 20 O'Connor, Harvey, 1931-53 2 21 Paul, Alice, 1936 2 22 Roosevelt, Eleanor R., 1940-46 2 23 Schwimmer, Franciska, 1944, n.d. 2 24 Streit, Clarence K., 1939-41 2 25 Villard, Oswald Garrison, n.d. 2 26 Wynner, Edith, 1945-50 SERIES III. SUBJECT FILES 3 1 Atomic energy, 1945 3 2 Griffin Bill, 1932 3 3 Marvin, Fred: court case, 1928 3 4 The Magnificent Yankee (play about Rosika Schwimmer), inscribed by F. Schwimmer to the Smith College Library, 1946 3 5 D.A.R. blacklist, 1928 3 6 Miscellaneous, 1935-42 3 7 Citizenship case, 1927-32, n.d. 3 8 Lusitania sinking, 1935 3 9 Miscellaneous foreign publications, 1915-42 3 10 World Center for Women's Archives, 1935 3 11 Race problems, 1937-46 3 Rosika Schwimmer's libel case vs. Fred R. Marvin and Commercial Publishing Company: transcripts, 1924-28 SERIES IV. PEACE

[See also OVERSIZE MATERIALS]

4 1 Miscellaneous domestic articles, 1924-41 4 2 Miscellaneous foreign articles, 1916-42 4 3 Nazism, 1936-41 4 4 League of Nations, 1938-39 4 5 Pacifism, 1916-45, n.d. 4 6 Einstein (on peace), 1935 4 7 Miscellaneous peace publications, 1915-44 4 8 Cartoons, 1941 4 9 Peace Ship, 1915 Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 4 10 Correspondence, 1935-56 4 10a Newspaper clippings, 1919-31 4 11 Church and youth groups on peace, 1928-44 4 12 Communism, 1942, n.d. 4 13 United Nations, 1944-46 4 14 Peace award, 1937 4 15 World government, 1924-44 4 16 War Resister's League, 1940-48 SERIES V. OVERSIZE MATERIALS Flat File World War I anti-war poster, circa 1914 BOOKS ON SHELF Tisza Tales by Rosika Schwimmer (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1928)